Analysis of avian disease transmission risk and prevention measures in China

Many zoonotic diseases are found in wild animals and present a serious risk to human health, in particularly the virus carried by birds flying freely around the world is hard to control. There are three main bird migration routes which cover the most areas of China. It is important to investigate and fully understand the types of avian transmitted diseases in key areas on the bird migration routines and its impacts on both birds and human health. However, no literature is available in how about the risk of virus carried by migrating birds, and how to predict and reduce this risk of virus spreading to human being so far. In this paper, we first reviewed the main pathogen types carried by birds, including coronaviruses, influenza viruses, parasites, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), etc., and then discussed the spread risk of avian viruses to human being and animals in key areas of biosafety prevention. We also analyzed and discussed the risk of cross-spread of diseases among different bird species in nature reserves located on bird migration routes which provide sufficient food sources for migratory birds and attract numerous birds. Diseases transmitted by wild birds pose a serious threat to poultry farms, where high density of poultry may become avian influenza virus (AIV) reservoirs, cause a risk of avian influenza outbreaks. Airports are mostly built in suburban areas or remote areas with good ecological environment. There are important transit places for bird migration and densely populated areas, which have serious risk of disease transmission. Finally, this paper puts forward the following prevention suggestions from three aspects. First, establish and improve the monitoring and prediction mechanism of migratory birds, and use laser technology to prevent contact between wild birds and poultry. Second, examine and identify virus types carried by birds in their habitats and carry out vaccination. Third, protect the ecological environment of bird habitat, and keep wild birds in their natural habitat, so as to reduce the contact between wild birds and human and poultry, and thus reduce the risk of virus transmission.

Social Support Among Older South Africans During COVID-19

COVID-19 had a significant impact on older South Africans' experience of social support. This cross-sectional study explored possible risk and protective factors of social support among community-dwelling older adults (N = 118). Social support pre- to during COVID-19 decreased significantly;however, overall social support was greater for those who were older, had more face-to-face contact, and had a greater number of friends or relatives. From a socio-ecological perspective on resilience, greater opportunities for older adults to create connections, such as classes or community events, are recommended to facilitate desired social supports, which in turn supports greater health and well-being.

Game meat procurement market in Poland in 2009-2021

Procurement of game animals is a major source of revenue for hunting clubs in Poland. For several years, the game meat buying market has been showing an upward trend, but this situation is also influenced by random factors that negatively affect the value of the game meat buying market. For several years in our country we have been struggling with the ASF virus, and since 2020, negative effects in the economy related to the occurrence of the SARS-CoV virus have been observed, also affecting the hunting sector with its activities. The aim of the study was to analyze the dynamics of game meat procurement in Poland in the years 2009-2021. The data concerned the three most important species, namely deer, roe deer and wild boar. The analysis covered the quantity of game meat, procurement value and the average price of game meat depending on animal species. The conducted research confirmed an upward trend in the volume and value of game meat procurement for all the analysed game species. Similarly, the average procurement prices of roe dee and wild boar meat with the exception of red deer, showed an upward trend. The study confirmed the negative impact of the ASF virus and the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the game meat buying market in Poland.

International Symposium on Eastern Indonesia Marine Ecosystems

EditorsAgus Setiawan, Iis Triyulianti, Charlie Ester de Fretes, Muhammad Zain Tuakia, Sem Likumahua, Faisal Hamzah, Corry Yanti Manullang, Dewi Seswita Zilda, Abdul Wahab Radjab, Muhammad Fadli, Rafidha Dh. Ahmad Opier, Ahmad Romdon.PrefaceThe evaluation of the First Symposium on Banda Sea Ecosystem (ISBSE) held by the Research Center for Deep Sea (then under the Indonesian Institute of Sciences-LIPI) in 2017 indicated the need to expand the geographic coverage area of the symposium. As the follow up, in 2022, the Research Center organized the International Symposium on Eastern Indonesia Marine Ecosystems (ISEIME), with the objective is to gather all marine scientists and observers to meet and share their knowledge and recent information regarding marine ecosystems in eastern Indonesia and the country in general. ISEIME is one of various international conferences that organized by the Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency-BRIN to focus on topics such as Oceanography and Climate Change;Marine Ecosystems, Biodiversity and Ecology;Marine Monitoring and Management;Marine Pollution;and Marine Geosciences. The event took place on the 24th of November 2022.Human health problems due to the pandemic of COVID-19 in Indonesia has decreased recently, yet in some parts of the country still show slight increase cases. To this end, we decided to conduct the ISEIME 2022 virtually using the zoom platform, which was remotely organized from Ambon, eastern Indonesia. The symposium was commenced by a report from the chairman of ISEIME and subsequently followed by a welcoming-remarks by the Head of Research Center for Deep Sea, Intan Suci Nurhati, Ph.D. In the first session, two keynote speakers (Prof. Ocky Karna Radjasa and Prof. Dwi Listyo Rahayu from BRIN) were given 30-40 minutes to present their talks and followed by a 30 minutes Q&A. Three invited speakers, Prof. Stevan Steinke, Prof. Wiedong Yu and Prof. Madya Dr. Tuan Nurul Sabiqah Tuan Anuar delivered their talks during the second session. In the parallel session, 30 speakers were divided into five different rooms according to the topics and they were given 15 minutes each to deliver their presentations, followed by 5 minutes Q&A.The event has gained a great success due to hard work from the collaboration between the local committee in Ambon, Bali and Jakarta. We would like to thank BRIN International Conference Event Organizer who had taken part in providing time and financial support during the event. Special acknowledgement to all speakers who contribute in the event by imparting their knowledge during the talks and discussions, and also their willingness to participate and contribute in the future marine research in Indonesia. We would also like to extend our sincere thanks to all authors who contribute their findings through their written papers, and for their significant thoughts and ideas in discussions during their presentations. Finally, we give a great appreciation and many thanks to reviewers who have voluntarily participated and contributed not only in judging papers, but also in providing constructive comments and suggestions for authors to improve their manuscripts.ISEIME chairmanSem LikumahuaList of ISEIME Committee is available in this Pdf.

4th International Conference on Natural Resources and Technology, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia, 29-30 August 2022

These proceedings, with a theme of Natural Resources and Technology for Achieving Sustainable Development Goal through Academic, Industry, and Community and a subtheme of Resilience and Innovation Research on Sustainable Natural Resources and Technology Post-Covid 19, contain 104 articles covering 6 major topics in the related fields such as (i) Natural science and natural product, (ii) Natural resource technology, (iii) Information systems of tropical resources, (iv) Tropical biodiversity, (v) Food science and food technology, and (vi) Ethnobotany and ethnozoology.

Mild SARS-CoV-2 infection results in long-lasting microbiota instability.

Viruses targeting mammalian cells can indirectly alter the gut microbiota, potentially compounding their phenotypic effects. Multiple studies have observed a disrupted gut microbiota in severe cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection that require hospitalization. Yet, despite demographic shifts in disease severity resulting in a large and continuing burden of non-hospitalized infections, we still know very little about the impact of mild SARS-CoV-2 infection on the gut microbiota in the outpatient setting. To address this knowledge gap, we longitudinally sampled 14 SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects who remained outpatient and 4 household controls. SARS-CoV-2 cases exhibited a significantly less stable gut microbiota relative to controls. These results were confirmed and extended in the K18-humanized angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 mouse model, which is susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. All of the tested SARS-CoV-2 variants significantly disrupted the mouse gut microbiota, including USA-WA1/2020 (the original variant detected in the USA), Delta, and Omicron. Surprisingly, despite the fact that the Omicron variant caused the least severe symptoms in mice, it destabilized the gut microbiota and led to a significant depletion in Akkermansia muciniphila. Furthermore, exposure of wild-type C57BL/6J mice to SARS-CoV-2 disrupted the gut microbiota in the absence of severe lung pathology.IMPORTANCETaken together, our results demonstrate that even mild cases of SARS-CoV-2 can disrupt gut microbial ecology. Our findings in non-hospitalized individuals are consistent with studies of hospitalized patients, in that reproducible shifts in gut microbial taxonomic abundance in response to SARS-CoV-2 have been difficult to identify. Instead, we report a long-lasting instability in the gut microbiota. Surprisingly, our mouse experiments revealed an impact of the Omicron variant, despite producing the least severe symptoms in genetically susceptible mice, suggesting that despite the continued evolution of SARS-CoV-2, it has retained its ability to perturb the intestinal mucosa. These results will hopefully renew efforts to study the mechanisms through which Omicron and future SARS-CoV-2 variants alter gastrointestinal physiology, while also considering the potentially broad consequences of SARS-CoV-2-induced microbiota instability for host health and disease.

Corrigendum: Evolution, ecology, and zoonotic transmission of betacoronaviruses: a review.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.644414.].

Characteristics of urban park recreation and health during early COVID-19 by on-site survey in Beijing.

The positive health effects of green space have received increasing attention, however, on-site surveys and city-level research to reveal the relationship between urban park recreation and urbanite health in metropolitan areas during a post-pandemic period are lacking. We conducted an on-site survey using a questionnaire with 225 respondents from 22 urban parks distributed across the metropolitan area of Beijing during the early COVID-19 eased period with another 1346 respondents in 2021 to make verification. We identified factors that could influence public perceptions of park quality and human health (i.e., physical, mental, and social health) and revealed gender differences in perceptions of park characteristics. The correspondence pattern of perceived urban park quality with social health is distinct from that of physical and mental health. Due to the strict social distancing policy in early COVID-19 period, urban parks in different levels of urbanization environment could exert varied health effects.

Exposure of wild Caspian seals (Pusa caspica) to parasites, bacterial and viral pathogens, evaluated via molecular and serological assays

Disease surveillance of marine mammal populations is essential to understand the causes of strandings, identify potential threats to animal health, and to support development of conservation strategies. Here we report the first large multi-pathogen screening of prevalence for viruses, bacteria and parasites in a sample of 177 live, healthy, wild Caspian seals (Pusa caspica), captured and released during satellite telemetry studies 2007-2017. Employing molecular and serological assays we assess prevalence of pathogens known to be of significance for marine mammal health worldwide, and evaluate the results in relation to Caspian seal health and conservation. RT-PCR, and PCR assays find evidence for infection by Canine Distemper Virus (CDV), Phocine herpes virus, phocine adenovirus and Influenza A at prevalences of 5%, 6.4%, 21.7%, and 4% respectively. The genomes of CDV isolates collected in 2008 showed 99.59% identity with the 2000 Caspian seal CDV epizootic strain. A partial coding sequence for the Us2 gene from the Caspian seal herpes virus was identical to PhHV-1 isolate PB84, previously reported from a harbor seal (Phoca vitulina), while amplicon sequences for the adenovirus polymerase gene indicated a novel strain. ELISA assays detected exposure to Influenza A (55% of tested samples), adenovirus (25%), coronavirus (6%), CDV (8%), herpes virus (94%), Toxoplasma gondii (2.6%) and heartworm (1%). Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests detected exposure to Influenza B at a prevalence of 20%, and Leptospira microscopic agglutination tests detected suspected exposure to Leptospira serovars in 9% of tested samples. Overall, the risks, profile and prevalence of pathogens in Caspian seals appear comparable to other wild phocid seal populations. Our results suggest Caspian seals have exposure pathways to pathogens with epizootic potential or ability to cause significant morbidity, and that disease impacts could reduce the resilience of the population to other conservation threats. Caspian seals are listed as Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and we recommend that resources are invested to support further surveillance programs and to understand how anthropogenic pressures may influence future disease risks. A translated version of this is available in Russian and Kazakh in the Supplementary Material (Presentation 1 and Presentation 2)

Coronavirus and Conservation: Environmental Repercussions of the COVID-19 Pandemic

The history of pandemic diseases provides a cautionary tale about the vulnerability of human populations to environmental threats. Many have interpreted our current pandemic as evidence of increasing disruption to natural ecosystems and the havoc this can cause as humans are exposed to new pathogens. An initial focus on a Chinese market as the source of the virus turned attention to human interactions with wildlife, and many hope that the pandemic may provide a turning point if the threat of disease stimulates a renewed interest in the conservation of species and wild places. Additionally, declining air pollution and renewed animal activity in human spaces during lockdown emboldened many to push for further environmental measures to be put in place via a green approach to rebuilding economies. On the other hand, global recession will likely limit funding and willingness to invest in conservation measures, potentially signaling a significant retreat from current environmental efforts. Furthermore, problems with solid waste disposal highlight significant environmental challenges associated with the pandemic. Whether short-term environmental improvements associated with the pandemic can be translated into longer-term environmental gains will prove critical to both environmental and public health futures. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.

Global modeling of the socioeconomic, political, and environmental relations of farmer seed systems (FSS): Spatial analysis and insights for sustainable development

Accessible, high-quality seed is vital to the agricultural, food, and nutrition sovereignty needed for justice-based sustainable development. Multiregion, interdisciplinary research on farmers' seed systems (FSS) can complement case-based and thematic approaches.This study's goals are to (1) provide a synthetic overview of current major FSS concepts;(2) design and evaluate a novel social- and political-ecological model of FSS using globally representative data from mountain agricultural areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America;(3) model and evaluate FSS relations to socioeconomic, political, and environmental factors including main food crops (rice, wheat, maize, potato, and common bean);(4) generate new spatial, geographic, and demographic estimates;and (5) strengthen FSS for justice-based sustainable development of agriculture, land use, and food systems. The conceptual framework of FSS-related factors guided the global modeling of data from 11 countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. A multiple regression model explained FSS utilization (R2 1/4 0.53, P < 0.0001), specifying the significant inverse relations to mean farm area (strong), per-capita Gross Domestic Product at the district level (strong), and urban distance (moderate). FSS showed strong positive relations to aridity and topographic ruggedness. FSS were positively related to elevation in a 5-country Andean subsample. Results estimated FSS utilization by 136 million farmers within the 11 countries. Novel insights to strengthen FSS policies and programs are the importance of FSS to extremely small farm-area subgroups and other distinct FSS stakeholders, global-region geopolitical distinctness of FSS-farm area relations, multidistrict FSS concentrations that enable extralocal FSS spatial connectivity, FSS capacities in climate-change hot spots, and high FSS encompassing periurban areas. Policy-relevant results on global geographic and demographic extensiveness of FSS and key spatial, socioeconomic, political, and environment relations demonstrate that globally FSS are key to supporting agrobiodiversity, agroecology, nutrition, and the sustainability of food systems. These advise strengthening FSS through pro-poor and linked urban-rural policies at regional scales in addition to expanding local initiatives.

Managing stormwater in South African neighbourhoods: When engineers and scientists need social science skills to get their jobs done

Stormwater harvesting via managed aquifer recharge in retrofitted infrastructure has been posited as a method for resource augmentation in Cape Town. However, the existing guidelines on stormwater retrofits are technically inclined, occidental, and generally misaligned with the realities and socio-economic contexts of developing nations like South Africa. Water and urban practitioners from developing nations cannot just 'copy and paste' existing guidelines as different socio-economic dimensions and colonial histories typically hinder 'traditional' approaches. This paper assesses how a transdisciplinary team navigated these realities in a case study of a retrofitted pond in Mitchells Plain, Cape Town. A decolonial thinking framework was applied for reflection and thematic content analysis. The framework was used to unpack how the team encountered, addressed, and learned from the challenges during the retrofit process. The research team found that the retrofit process within a context of under-resourced South African communities can be viewed as developmental work with a strong emphasis on continuous community engagement. Thus, it is suggested that in the South African context, water practitioners should consider, at the fore, interaction with local communities, including awareness of racialised histories, to ensure projects are successfully implemented and completed.

Assessing Ecological and Socio-Economic Attributes in Sustainable Management of Solid Medical Waste in Urban Environment

Unreliable system of solid waste management has hindered performance of public health system in developing countries. This condition was exacerbated by the covid-19 pandemic which posed risk to healthcare staff and public that makes the management of medical waste worsening. This study seeks to analyze the existing conditions of community health centre solid medical waste management from ecological, economic and social aspects in Pekanbaru and to design a solid medical waste management model for community health centres in Pekanbaru by identifying and quantifying ecological and socio-economic attributes to help solid medical monitor waste. A mixed method approach is used in this study with inferential analysis. Data analysis was used to analyze the relationship of ecological, economic and social factors to the management of solid medical waste at community health centres in Pekanbaru. The analysis process included univariate and bivariate analysis using a computerized program. The findings show that monitoring through the waste monitoring application can help monitor waste management in community health centres. As an implication, a solid medical waste management model can be used and implemented to support sustainable solid medical waste management. © 2023 WITPress. All rights reserved.

Selection, adaptation and survival: A case study on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourist sector of Juiz de Fora (MG)

This book chapter aims to analyze the impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on the tourism sector in Juiz de Fora (Brazil) based on the perspective of organizational ecology. The main argument developed here is that the pandemic has imposed a new condition over all the existing firms through two main forms: 'selecting' the survival firms through an extreme and severe scarceness of resources by a long period, and then, acting over the remaining firms imposing them a diverse set of strategies and actions to 'adapt' themselves to the 'new conditions. A field research was conducted between October 2020 and August 2021 focusing on the inter-organizational relationship among some important structural components of the tourism supply chain (lodging, food, travel agencies, cultural equipment, and transportation firms). Methodologically, a case study method was used to guide the mixed research, with a random but not stochastic sample of 66 firms, whose data were analyzed qualitatively by Content Analysis and quantitatively by Descriptive Statistics. The results show that 15% of the firms have closed the operations [selection variable] due to the pandemic;all remaining firms needed to adapt themselves in terms of legal compliance (restrictive laws), managerial practices (human resources and labor routines) and strategies (new technologies and new markets) [adaptation variable];also, all of the remaining firms have kept their business in online mode, total or partially, even in the current period of pandemic decline [retention variable]. We conclude that all companies needed to reinforce their attention on the external environmental impositions to a greater or lesser degree. © 2023 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.

Study on the contribution of coastal tourism to marine economic development

Since the reform and opening up, coastal tourism has been rising and developing, and it has become one of the important marine industries. This paper selected the added value and gross marine product of coastal tourism industry from 2001 to 2020, constructed direct contribution rate, indirect contribution rate and marginal contribution rate model, and calculated the contribution degree of coastal tourism to marine economic development. The results showed that the direct contribution rate of coastal tourism was on the rise, and the indirect contribution rate was mostly about 2%~4%.In the selected study period, the marginal contribution rate of coastal tourism to GROSS marine product was 40.44%. The study found that the overall development level of coastal tourism was good, and the coastal tourism made a great contribution to the development of marine economy, but it was difficult to take accurate measures in the face of sudden crises such as COVID-19, and sometimes it took a lot of time to recover to the normal level. Based on the above situation, suggestions were proposed to increase policy support for the post-epidemic era, promote the supply-side reform of coastal tourism and build coastal tourism products with characteristics in the post-epidemic era, increase the publicity and marketing of coastal tourism, and train and introduce high-quality tourism talents, etc..

Study on the Distribution of Fresh Food Support System—An Example of Shanghai during the Epidemic Closure of 2022

One of the key indicators to measure the sustainability and resilience of a city during a public health crisis is how well it can meet the daily needs of its residents. During the COVID-19 lockdown in Shanghai in 2022, e-commerce shopping and delivery became the most important method for ensuring the city's material supplies. This article uses the distribution data of a fresh e-commerce platform's pre-warehouse and static population distribution data to establish a basic material supply system evaluation model for the city and explore its resilience potential. Focusing on the central urban area of Shanghai, this study uses a population heat map with geographic coordinates to reflect the static distribution of residents and obtains the distribution data of the e-commerce pre-warehouses. Using kernel density analysis, the relationship between the pre-warehouses and the residents' needs is established. Through analysis, it was found that the supply capacity of fresh food in different areas of Shanghai during the lockdown could be categorized as insufficient, adequate, or excessive. Based on these three categories, improvement strategies were proposed. Finally, this article suggests establishing a scientific supply security system to promote urban sustainability and prepare for future challenges.

Analysis and Countermeasures of the Influence of COVID-19 on the Commodity Category of Port Export in China: Taking Shanghai Port as an Example

Su, B.;Guan, C.;An, Q., and Wang, Q., 2020. Analysis and countermeasures of the influence of COVID-19 on the commodity category of port export in China: Taking Shanghai Port as an example. In: Liu, X. and Zhao, L. (eds.), Today's Modern Coastal Society: Technical and Sociological Aspects of Coastal Research. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 111, pp. 298–301. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Since the end of 2019, the novel coronavirus has spread rapidly, which has affected the economy, social interaction, and foreign trade, both in China and around the world. Import and export trade has become an organic part of China's national economy. Import and export trade accounts for nearly 35% of the national economy, which is a major part of China's economic growth. This article takes Shanghai Port as an example, collecting and analyzing the exporters of Shanghai Port in China from January to May 2020. Compared with the relevant data of the same period in 2019, this article discusses the major commodity categories that are affected by the epidemic situation in the export trade volume of Shanghai Port, giving countermeasures according to the influence situation in order to stabilize the quantity of this category in the future and reduce the risk of lower port trade volume of the export commodity categories affected by public health emergencies in China's port trade. At the same time, some suggestions and countermeasures are given to the ecological environment problems affecting the sustainable development of ports.

Mix Method Study Of Acceleration Of Vaccination Acceptance In Community In Polewali And Campalagian Districts

Objectives: This study examined the effectivity of subsystem components in community which could accept the acceleration of Covid-19 vaccine in Polman Region, therefore it becomes information for decision makers to create better health service management which is equal for everyone. Methods: this study applied mix method exploratory design which was conducted in two respective phases: qualitative and quantitative study. Qualitative study was conducted through focus group discussion on 3 target groups (primary, secondary and tertiary) to identify themes, ideas, perspectives, and believes, which became part of quantitative study to be explored. In quantitative study, 133 respondents were recruited from two boarding schools in the target area. Indepth interview and Focus group Discussion were used to collect data in the qualitative method. Quantitative study used descriptive statistics to describe information with frequency distribution. Results: The main results prove that there were relations between the variables found in the two methods which were significant and there was no internal conflict between the qualitative and quantitative findings. The result of the analysis found that the vaccine acceleration model which can be carried out namely involving local organizations and social groups in the COVID-19 information education system as well as taking preventive measures such as vaccination, and it will also be very effective if there were social relationships between individuals who were able to disseminate information about the importance of maintaining health protocols and also to conduct vaccinations in every level of society that could increase trust and follow-up for those who were still doubt about COVID-19 or about government's recommendation for vaccination. Conclusions: We conclude that each dimension of the social ecology and Health Belief Model was found to be consistent in both qualitative and quantitative research findings. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results is the property of ResearchTrentz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Reconfiguration of L2 Chinese Learners' Ecologies of Resources During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China and the US

This chapter examines how L2 Chinese learners' ecologies of resources were reconfigured at universities in China and the US when face-to-face instruction was abruptly migrated to remote delivery in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This chapter first conceptualizes four general categories of resources that support the L2 Chinese learners, that is, environment, technological tools, people, and knowledge and skills, then identifies the specific resources available to them during this global crisis and discusses how these resources interacted with the L2 Chinese learners to support their learning. Findings indicate that all four categories of resources were significantly restructured. While similarities can be found in how the ecologies of resources were reconfigured at universities in China and the US, some differences and reasons behind them were highlighted as well. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.